Assessment Of Discourse And Its Effects On Language And...

Dynamic Assessment According to Gillam, Peà ±a, and Miller (1999) assessment of discourse is a challenging but important aspect of assessing language. They highlight that cultural and experiential differences may be a factor in a child’s performance. Simply, some children may not have been exposed to these types of narratives or been expected to generate them in their home environment. The authors suggest that good language learners usually learn the new forms or overcome the differences with extra classroom support. However, some children with poor discourse abilities may have more significant problems with learning language. This indicates that part of the challenge in making assessments of discourse is the need to distinguish a language disorder from a language difference. The authors quickly dismiss standardized tests as â€Å"nearly useless† (Gillam, p.35) for children when culture or experience is the issue, due to test bias. Gillam et al., (1999) also highlight various factors that are difficult to quantify with standardized tests, yet directly impact language and literacy learning such as attention, engagement, and resilience to failure. While informal assessments including language sampling are often employed to help assess a child in more natural settings and with more differentiating tasks, the authors argue that these observations may still not reveal the underlying source (experience, language learning abilities or both) of any difficulties. Meanwhile, the risk ofShow MoreRelatedCritical Analysis : Critical Literacy888 Words   |  4 PagesCritical literacy is the ability to read a text and connect it to a deeper meaning or to a social construct. Elizabeth Bishop (2014) writes, â€Å"Critical literacy uses texts and print skills in ways that enable students to examine the politics of daily life within contemporary society with a view to understanding what it means to locate and actively seek out contradictions within modes of life , theories, and substantive intellectual positions† (p. 52). Bishop is explaining the importance of takingRead MoreSummary And Discussion Of English1667 Words   |  7 PagesListening The focus on oral language especially, speaking and listening, in the NSW English Syllabus K-10 is created so that language learning is recursive and develops through our expansive contexts. The resources accompanying speaking and listening ensure students are using metalanguage, phonology, morphology and syntax. ‘The aim of English in Years K–10 is to enable students to understand and use language effectively, appreciate, reflect on and enjoy the English language and to make meaning in waysRead More Effective Literacy Strategies for English Language Learners 2648 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction English Language Learners (hereafter referred to as ELLs) currently comprise 10% of the total school population in the United States (National Center for Education Statistics, 2005). It is a population that is going to continue to increase in American public education and their specific needs for learning literacy are of great importance to teachers. Since schools and teachers are increasingly judged based upon the academic achievement of students, then the success of the growingRead MoreEffects of High-Stakes Testing on English Language Learners913 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish language learners enrollment in the Council member districts has remained relatively stable over the past several years. In 2007-08, 1.1 million ELLs were enrolled in urban schools, accounting for 16.5 percent of total district enrollment. In 2009–10, 1.2 million ELLs were enrolled, accounting for 17.5 percent of total district enrollment (Uro Barrio, p. 26, 2013). The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Ac t of 2001 required students in grades three through eight to be tested every year in readingRead MoreThe Problem Of Children Intelligence Test Scores1653 Words   |  7 Pagesthe children intelligence test scores vary widely even they have the same background, because of the different home environmental influences or cumulative environmental deficit. The environmental cumulative deficit hypothesis reveals the adverse effects of poor environment, which increases the early cognitive deficits in children development. As a result, early cognitive deficits lead to more deficits during child development, and it’s harder and harder to overcome as children growing up (KlinebergRead More I Teach Therefore I Can Essay examples1478 Words   |  6 Pagesprogressed. As a result, it is no longer enough to be able to read and write on a basic level. The Workforce Investment Act of 1998 defines literacy as â€Å"an individual’s ability to read, write, speak in English, compute and solve problems at levels of proficiency necessary to function on the job, in the family of the individual and in society.† (National Institute for Literacy). As a teacher, this definition is two-fold as it is the teacher’s responsibility to be literate in the profession as well as prepareRead MoreSupporting the Development of English Literacy in English Language Learners22851 Words   |  92 PagesSUPPORTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENGLISH LITERACY IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNERS Key Issues and Promising Practices Diane August August Associates Report No. 61 February 2003 This report was published by the Center for Research on the Education of Students Placed At Risk (CRESPAR), a national research and development center supported by a grant (No. R-117-D40005) from the Office of Educational Research and Improvement (OERI), U.S. Department of Education. The content or opinions expressedRead MoreDTTLS Assignments5208 Words   |  21 PagesUnderstanding ↠ Demonstrate an understanding of the skills in literacy, numeracy and ICT which underpin your subject specialism. What skills (and levels) in these areas do your learners need?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Skills: Literacy – to read English for handouts. Spoken – to understand English and follow verbal instructions, to understand feedback and give tutor information re: progress. Written – to complete enrolment forms, health forms, learning aims forms. Levels: beginners, all levels and improversRead MoreThe Biological Maturation Theory : George s Language Development2150 Words   |  9 Pagesseveral proponents would best exemplify George’s language development. This theory states that â€Å"language is a product of brain structures and functions (affected by genetic and environmental influences), which play a primary role in language acquisition† (Nelson, 2010, pg. 60). Macrostructures (temporo-occipital, thalamus, cerebellum) and microstructures (neurons, axons and dendrites, genes, and metabolism) of the brain contribute to the process of language acquisition (Nelson, 2010, pg. 60). AccordingRead MoreTechnology Has Not Only Transformed The Way We Approach Teaching1538 Words   |  7 Pagesbecom e ‘digital natives’ enabling them to interact with technology on an instinctual level. Certainly, technology has been adopted by schools, both as a means of supporting and extending children’s understanding and as a tool for differentiation and assessment (Bazalgette and Buckingham, 2012 and Thornley, 2008; Wood, 2010). Conversely, technological availability varies widely within schools, often in response to financial constraints (Nagal, 2013; Marcus-Quinn and Hourigan, 2016). Within my classroom

The Two Worlds of Venice and Belmont Depicted in...

The Two Worlds of Venice and Belmont Depicted in Shakespears The Merchant of Venice In The Merchant of Venice, Shakespeare explores two different yet similar worlds. The world of Venice and the world of Belmont. These two worlds have many differences and some similarities. For example, Venice is a completely different setting compared with Belmont. Also, the characters in Venice are different but also similar to the ones in Belmont. Furthermore, the society in Veniceis different compared with the society in Belmont. First of all Venice is an entirely different setting when compared with Belmont. Venice is a city which is located on the sea coast in the north of Italy. Its main streets are†¦show more content†¦There is a prince (Bassanio) and princess (Portia) and they end up marrying each other. Also, Shylocks daughter, Jessica, runs away from him to marry a Christian man named Lorenzo which also shows us that the casket story is like a fairy story. Thirdly, the society of Venice is entirely different from the society of Belmont. This may be because Veniceis the centre of trading which means that the society is use to earning their money by starting a business in trading. It also is very busy and full of young merchants like Antonio. In contrast, the society in Belmont is very wealthy. However, unlike the society of Venice, the wealth is inherited. We can see this in Portia and the money she inherited from her father. Furthermore, the society of Belmont is relaxed and the people are probably peaceful. On the other hand, the society in Veniceis more cautious and less relaxed especially because of the fact that the Jews and Christians hate each other yet business wise they are both interdependent. We can understand this when Antonio has to borrow money from Shylock. Fourthly, because the societies of Venice and

Just Be Nice Free Essays

James Q. Wilson have described as the elevation of self expression over and over self control. Such as a black child was discipline in a Connecticut (1996)for wearing his pants sagging. We will write a custom essay sample on Just Be Nice or any similar topic only for you Order Now Stephen Carter’s summary â€Å"Just Be Nice† starts out by talking about how life was different back in the day compared to how life is today. Children were taught right and wrong, yes mam and no sir and just simple rules of etiquette in school. Now teachers have to be very careful on what they talk about with students. He believes that if these types of things were taught in school more openly today, then everything would be less violent. Carter then goes on to explain the reasons he feels that society is not trying as hard as it could be. He believes people are more focused on trivial things, then the important things. Carter feels schools have gotten rid of greatly needed academic school programs for less academic inclined programs. Carter makes several very good points on why society in this age is vastly different than what it was decades ago. He believes that society as a whole group must work together to handle things better, so that society may learn to love each one another again and not just tolerate other people. Carter also believes people are mean to each other because they have the right to be and can get away with it. The constitution is there for a reason, but sometimes those rights can be used and abused. â€Å"We have let cynicism replace civility. † (672). The world is a bit cynical. Carter explains that even the simplest gesture can become a problem. He feels that people are afraid to do anything nice, for fear of it back firing. Everyone is suing everyone, and that has major consequences. Accidents happen, so sometimes you just have to trust that they didn’t mean to hurt you. There are people in this world that do abuse our freedom of speech, like Carter says. Many children (and adults) cuss severely on a day to day basis, and need to understand that language is a key element in what happens next in life. If a person talks foul, then they receive foulness. If you talk nice, however, you receive niceness back. It all depends on how you act and react to things. If we as a whole try to improve our foul mouths and attitude’s, the world would be a happier place. Cussing and acting up in public is very inappropriate and people should respect other people by not doing it or trying to dial it down. It is hard to do because this generation grew up doing it and habits are very hard to break. Carter makes some very good points in throughout his essay. Everyone on Earth is raised differently, so no two people act the same. But regardless of where we live, who we are and how we grew up, we are all taught one very specific and golden rule, â€Å"Treat others as you would want to be treated and have respect your elders. † Stephen L. Carter: Just Be Nice In the essay Just Be Nice, written for the Yale Alumni Magazine and later included in â€Å"Civility Manners, Morals, and the Etiquette of Democracy†, Stephen L. Carter addresses several issues in today’s society. He describes the differences in common courtesy, freedom of Speech, and polite etiquette, while expressing his opinions on manners between the older generation and the new age generation in today’s society. Carter also compares the normality’s of today’s society to the time when he was growing up. He partly blames society’s etiquette problem on this generations youth and school systems, he suggests that schools are not disciplining children like they used to and are always under constant scrutiny by todays parents. Carter states that when he went to school in the 60’s teachers and parents were different then they are today. He implies that the modern person takes hard earned rights for granted and gives examples that show people today do not understand the difference between a want and a right. Just because you want to do something, does not necessarily mean it is your right to do it. In his article, Carter compares life today to life in the past. At the heart of heart Carter’s argument are the notions of manners, civility and differences in generational ages. Carter believes that the standards of civility have declined immensely; people have forgotten how to conduct themselves and don’t trust anyone. He believes if we â€Å"place our trust in the vague and conversation stifling language of rights instead. )((paragraph. 4). † This means that if we trusted each other more, then everyone would be more civil with each other. The author states that nowadays when a school tries to discipline misbehaving youths or teach simple rules on manners, it is a crime and it makes news. Carter implies that when he was a child, schools would have classes dedicated to manners, and parents trusted the school’s judgment. How to cite Just Be Nice, Essay examples

Friedrich Nietzche Essay Example For Students

Friedrich Nietzche Essay Friedrich Nietzche was born in Rocken. He spent much of his time alone, reading the Bible. Nietzsches father died in 1849. The young man withdrew deeper into religion. Friedrich received a scholarship to Schulpforta, an elite prepatory school with only 200 students, in October 1858. The scholarship as intended to fund Nietzches training for the clergy. His mother, Franziska, and his young sister, Elizabeth, are dedicated to Friedrichs success, certain of his future. At the age of 18,Nietzsche lost his faith in traditional religion. His faith received a fatal blow when he found philosophy. In 1865 Nietzsche discovered Schopenhauers World as Will and Idea. The work forever challenged Nietzsches view of the world. Schopenhauers philosophy was rather dark for its time; it became a part of Nietzsches world-view was it was well suited to his nature. It seemed as if Schopenhauer were addressing me personally. I felt his enthusiasm, and seemed to see him before me. Every line cried aloud for renunciation, denial, and resignation. -NietzscheNietzche was conscripted into the military at the age of 23. While he had hoped to avoid the draft, he had no such luck. He was not destined to be in the military however, soon falling from a horse. Nietzsches shoulder and chest were injured, possibly torn muscles, and he was released from service having not yet complete training. Curiously, Nietzsche continued to idealize the military and its orderly way of life despite not wanting to serve in the army. His respect for the individual gave at times to a need for order. The University of Basle appointed Nietzsche to a chair when he was 25 years old. As a professor of classical philology, Nietzsche spent days lecturing and analyzing Latin and Greek works. He later recalled this as a most unheroic contribution to mankind, wishing he had pursued a more active and socially valuable career, such as medicine. Nietzsche never was satisfied with his own value. In 1869, composer Richard Wagner invited Nietzsche to spend a winter holiday with him in Tribschen. Wagner was living with another mans wife and was not known for his conformity. Somehow, Wagner appealed to Nietzsches sense of adventure. Nietzsche was so taken by Wagner that he decided his first book would be a tribute to Wagners music. Unfortunately, the writing this work was delayed by war in 1870, when Germany and France went to warStill romanticizing the life of soldiers, Nietzsche went to volunteer for military service. This time the army refused him due to his poor eyesight, in addition to his weak upper body. Nietzsche found it possible to serve as a medic, allowing him as close to medicine as his nature would ever allow. As he quickly learned, Nietzsche did not like the sight of blood, and the suffering of others made him ill. He eventually fell ill, possibly due to stress, and was sent home. The Birth of Tragedy out of the Spirit of Music was published in 1872. With the publication of The Birth of Tragedy, Nietzsche returned to Baasle to lecture. The work became a subject of ridicule in academic circles, but the nobility and nationalists loved it. Nietzsche became a celebrity, standing he put to work on behalf of his friend Wagner. The two men were able to convince the government to fund the construction of the Bayreuth theatre, which would feature Wagners works. The Bayreuth was completed in 1876. On August 12, 1876, the Emperor arrived to hear Wagners The Ring of Nibelung, a work Wagner considered his masterpiece. To his dismay, Nietzsche found he hated the work. He made an excuse to depart, and promptly took a vacation to reconsider his opinion of Wagners music and Prussian culture in general. At least Nietzsche was not alone: the long multi-day performance proved a failure financially and in terms of attendance. Wagners public star fadedat least for a bit. .uef7316b3e48b98797ed8d4063d465de8 , .uef7316b3e48b98797ed8d4063d465de8 .postImageUrl , .uef7316b3e48b98797ed8d4063d465de8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uef7316b3e48b98797ed8d4063d465de8 , .uef7316b3e48b98797ed8d4063d465de8:hover , .uef7316b3e48b98797ed8d4063d465de8:visited , .uef7316b3e48b98797ed8d4063d465de8:active { border:0!important; } .uef7316b3e48b98797ed8d4063d465de8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uef7316b3e48b98797ed8d4063d465de8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uef7316b3e48b98797ed8d4063d465de8:active , .uef7316b3e48b98797ed8d4063d465de8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uef7316b3e48b98797ed8d4063d465de8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uef7316b3e48b98797ed8d4063d465de8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uef7316b3e48b98797ed8d4063d465de8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uef7316b3e48b98797ed8d4063d465de8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uef7316b3e48b98797ed8d4063d465de8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uef7316b3e48b98797ed8d4063d465de8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uef7316b3e48b98797ed8d4063d465de8 .uef7316b3e48b98797ed8d4063d465de8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uef7316b3e48b98797ed8d4063d465de8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Futurism EssayPhysically and mentally, Nietzsche collapsed in 1879. He was certain death was near and even arranged his funeral with his sisters assistance. Nietzsche recovered from this primarily emotional collapse, but he knew that he had come close to death. The experience changed Nietzsche for a time. He enjoyed life and the universe around him. For a bit, he was happy. The books The Dawn of Day and The Joyful Wisdom were published in the early 1880s reflecting Nietzsches new optimism. His mood came crashing down with a smashthe sound was that of his heart as it hit bottom. Nietzsche fell in love, but was rejected. The result was another emotional spiral downward. His only goal was to be completely alone with his misery. The result of Nietzsches bitterness was Thus Spake Zarathustra, published in 1883. Written in anger, the work presents the ideal man as everything Nietzsche was not. It was the ultimate paradox of philosophy: the thinker never able to live according to his beliefs. Still, Zarathustra stood apart as a masterpiece. The author knew it was a great work. Yet no matter what Nietzsche might have thought, the book was a failure. His publisher would not print the entire work, so the author paid for the printing. Forty copies were sold and seven were given away. Nietzsches great work mattered only to the writer. It mattered a lot to Nietzschethe work would dominate his thoughts for the remainder of his career. Yet even his friends and supporters found the work odd, at best. While pondering the ignorance of the critics, his sister left Nietzsche. She had been his friend andcompanion most of his life, so the lose was very painful. Worse, she married an anti-Semite, a man Nietzsche despised. Contrary to popular myth, Nietzsche was not anti-Semitejust a very nationalistic Prussian. His sister begged Nietzsche to move with her and her husband to Paraguay with the intention of forming a commune. Nietzsche would do nothing of the sort. Nietzsches final collapse came in 1889. On 3 January 1889, Nietzsche spotted a coach driver beating his horse. Nietzsche considered this cruel, and rushed the man. He did not reach the coach, collapsing. He was taken back to his apartment, but he had collapsed mentally. He was later found by friends, playing the piano with his elbows, sing wildly. Friedrich was taken to an asylum, but was quickly reprieved by his mother, who took him home. She did not agree with her sons works, but she loved him nonetheless. She cared for him like a child, as incoherent and reduced to an infitile state. His mother died in 1897, and Nietzsches care fell to his sister, now living in Weimar. Elisabeth took it upon herself to get all of her brothers work published. She did an excellent job promoting him, and he rose again in public opinion, Near death and incoherent, Nietzsche became the leading German thinker. Finally, Nietzsche seemed oddly at peace, though not aware of his fate. On one occasion he found his sister crying. Lisbeth, why do you cry? Are we not happy? he is reportedto have asked. His sister also recorded an incident when Nietzsche overheard a discussion of books. I too have written some good books, Nietzsche told the roomthen faded back into silence. Nietzsche died in 1900, apparently unaware of his former self. Few other names in philosophy hold such deep meaning in Western society as Nietzsche. Variously linked by scholars to nihilism, existentialism, and thee Nazis (though he died two decades before National Socialism took root in Germany) Friedrich Nietzsche is one of the most misunderstood philosopher in history. He embraced no formal school of philosophy; he was stridently independent. As for the misappropriation of his works by Nazi sympathizers and othersI believe people will find support for their ideals in any book. .u831c9509150c29285bab8ea15830d3a3 , .u831c9509150c29285bab8ea15830d3a3 .postImageUrl , .u831c9509150c29285bab8ea15830d3a3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u831c9509150c29285bab8ea15830d3a3 , .u831c9509150c29285bab8ea15830d3a3:hover , .u831c9509150c29285bab8ea15830d3a3:visited , .u831c9509150c29285bab8ea15830d3a3:active { border:0!important; } .u831c9509150c29285bab8ea15830d3a3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u831c9509150c29285bab8ea15830d3a3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u831c9509150c29285bab8ea15830d3a3:active , .u831c9509150c29285bab8ea15830d3a3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u831c9509150c29285bab8ea15830d3a3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u831c9509150c29285bab8ea15830d3a3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u831c9509150c29285bab8ea15830d3a3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u831c9509150c29285bab8ea15830d3a3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u831c9509150c29285bab8ea15830d3a3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u831c9509150c29285bab8ea15830d3a3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u831c9509150c29285bab8ea15830d3a3 .u831c9509150c29285bab8ea15830d3a3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u831c9509150c29285bab8ea15830d3a3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Spanish Civil War EssayNihilism is the complete disregarded for all things that cannot be scientifically proven or demonstrated. Nietzsche did not claim that nothing exists that cannot be proven, nor that those thing should be disregarded. What Nietzsche did suggest was that many people used religion, especially Judeo-Christian teachings, ass a crutch for avoiding decisive actions. Nietzsches contribution to existentialism was the idea that men must accept that they are part of a material world, regardless of what else might exist. As part of this world, men must live as if there is nothing else beyond life. A failure to live, to take risks, is a failure to realize hum an potential.